Comparative Veterinary Pharmacokinetics
نویسنده
چکیده
In veterinary clinical practice the sensitivity of a given animal species to a certain drug can be attributed to pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic variations. In contrast to human medicine where individual differences are of primary importance, interspecies and also inter-breed distinctions are crucial in comparative veterinary medicine. Pharmacokinetics describes the behaviour of the drug in the body. Similarly to human nomenclature, the ADME process describes the absorption (other than IV adiministration), the distribution, the metabolism and the elimination of certain drugs. To produce a systemic effect, the drug must be absorbed and distributed to attain therapeutic concentration at the site of action. If the target site is the GI tract, then no absorption is needed after oral application. Significant variations can be seen in the extent of absorption and distribution, the rate and the manner of metabolism and elimination between animal species. Because of pronounced interspecies variations extrapolation of parameters from pharmacokinetic data of human or other animal origin is inappropriate and can be hazardous in case of several drugs. Lack of pharmacokinetic data however, necessitates the empiric application of extrapolated human dosages in many cases. This chapter concentrates on the variations in the ADME process between animals of different species, breed and age.
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